This was voted one of the new seven wonders of the world. It’s easy to see why.
Chichen Itza was a major Mayan city in the 11th-13th centuries, supporting about 35,000 people. The myths claim that the exiled god-king Kukulcan (a.k.a. Quetzalcoatl) settled here when the Toltecs invaded (or possibly became allies with) the Mayans who originally lived here. In 1221 the Mayans revolted against their rulers and Chichen started to decline. But it wasn’t until the Spanish Conquistadors conquered the Mayans in the 16th century that the city fell into ruin, when people stopped coming here even on their pilgrimage route. It was rediscovered in the 1920s, overgrown with jungle. Several major archaeological projects cleared the area and restored what was left, turning it into the major tourist site that it is today.
The main temple, El Castillo or the Temple of Kukulcan, is actually a shell of Toltec design built over an earlier Mayan-style temple from about AD 800. From this view you can see how the older, rougher steps underneath were covered by larger, smoother stones.
These are the serpent heads at the bottom of the stairs, and they’re the source of an interesting optical illusion. On the days of the equinox twice a year, the sun hits them straight-on so that their shadows appear to “climb” up the stairs to the top as the sun rises.
The Mayans had a sophisticated knowledge of science, astronomy, and engineering. The temple sides face exactly North/East/South/West. There are 18 terraces corresponding to the Mayan 18-month calendar, 52 panels on each face to represent the 52 years in the Mayan sacred cycle, and the total number of stairs on all 4 sides is 365, one for each day of the year. The stairs rise at an exact 45-degree angle.
But why did they build it so small?
(It’s actually 24 meters / 79 feet high. Not the biggest Mayan pyramid, but it’s still very impressive and the most well-preserved.)
This is the Temple of the Warriors, and the start of the “Groupo de las mil columnas” (1,000 columns)
Mayan tic-tac-toe, anyone?
Speaking of games, this is the great ballcourt, a spectator sport for the Mayans.
No-one knows the rules for certain, but it was most likely a cross between volleyball & basketball: two teams on opposite sides sending a rubber ball back & forth using only their hips and forearms, not letting the ball bounce more than once, and
earning points by hitting the opponent’s wall or by sending the ball through the stone rings high up on the walls. Not easy. And the balls were heavy — solid rubber weighing around 4kg (9lbs). There are reports of players who were bruised so badly or hit so hard that they died from the injury.
These were the grandstands, “box seats” for the royalty.
The walls still have carvings which depict the sport. The penalty for losing… could be death. Some games were used as part of human sacrifice rituals.
Outside the ballcourt was the Platform of the Skulls, a “tzompantl” monument commonly used for the public display of human skulls from sacrifices and war captives.
Also used for sacrifies was the “Sacred Cenote,” large natural well. During periods of drought they gave human offerings to please the rain god Chaak. (Originally it was thought that only material or animal sacrifices were made here, until the archaeologists found the skeletons at the bottom of the well.)
Other than the main temple, my favorite site was the observatory nicknamed “El Caracol” (“the snail” because of the spiral staircase inside). The openings, windows & doors were aligned to astronomical events around the path of Venus.
Marta stands in front of a government office building nicknamed Las Monjas (“The Nuns”) because the Spanish thought that it resembled their convents back in Spain.
This is a small temple/church (“La Iglesia”). Look closely at the hooks — they’re the the noses of the rain god Chaac which surround the building.
After a hot day in the sun (there’s no shade because all of the trees have been cleared away), we took a side trip to the Ik-Kil Cenote, a beautiful site where Mayan kings took their courtesans to relax and meditate about nature.
The pictures don’t do it justice. It’s stunningly beautiful. The cenote is 82 feet deep and an almost perfectly circular 196 feet wide. The water is 130 feet deep so it’s possible for divers to jump all the way from the top (some local Mayans dive it to earn tips). A streaming waterfall and long green vines dip down into the water, which is a clear blue-green. The large well is completely opened up to the sky allowing the full sun to warm the water. The pool has lots of little black catfish swimming near the surface, but no larger fish that we could see.
It was like swimming in our own private “blue lagoon.”
Here’s a pretty flower that we found around Ik-Kil and Chichen Itza. Anyone know what it is?
We had rented a car to drive to/from Chichen Itza. Driving in Mexico was fun, but also a bit scary. There are lots of stray dogs, very hot and sad-looking.
We also nearly killed someone on a carrier bicycle. It was dark by the time we left Ik-Kil, and there are no streetlights on the highway. Because it’s cooler to travel at night, many locals ride their bicycles on the highways — in the middle of the road, and sometimes in the opposite direction. (Of course we didn’t know this because we didn’t read the “driving tips” in our guide books until after we returned.)
So this guy was cycling straight toward us, up a slight hill. I didn’t see him until we crested the hill going about 65mph and were right on top of him. My cat-like reflexes took over and we barely missed him. It felt like I drank 10 cups of espresso in 2 seconds, my heart was pounding so fast.
Next up… our Mayan Adventure trip to Coba.